Various schools of orthography, some using diacritics, were developed to avoid ambiguity. Zain was dropped as it was redundant for. : 1–2Įventually, minor concessions were made to the differences between the Uyghur and Mongol languages: In the 17th and 18th centuries, smoother and more angular versions of the letter tsadi became associated with and respectively, and in the 19th century, the Manchu hooked yodh was adopted for initial. The development over this period explains why the Mongolian script looks like a vertical Arabic script (in particular the presence of the dot system). : 1–2 The main features of the period are that the vowels ï and i had lost their phonemic significance, creating the i phoneme (in the Chakhar dialect, the Standard Mongolian in Inner Mongolia, these vowels are still distinct) inter-vocal consonants γ/ g, b/ w had disappeared and the preliminary process of the formation of Mongolian long vowels had begun the initial h was preserved in many words grammatical categories were partially absent, etc. in the western dialect, materials of the Arab–Mongolian and Persian–Mongolian dictionaries, Mongolian texts in Arabic transcription, etc. The principal documents from the period of the Middle Mongol language are: in the eastern dialect, the famous text The Secret History of the Mongols, monuments in the Square script, materials of the Chinese–Mongolian glossary of the fourteenth century, and materials of the Mongolian language of the middle period in Chinese transcription, etc. : 545 From the seventh and eighth to the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the Mongolian language separated into southern, eastern and western dialects. The Mongolian vertical script developed as an adaptation of the Old Uyghur alphabet for the Mongolian language. The Stele of Genghis Khan, with the earliest known inscription in the Mongolian script.
Alphabets based on this classical vertical script are used in Mongolia and Inner Mongolia to this day to write Mongolian, Xibe and, experimentally, Evenki.Ĭomputer operating systems have been slow to adopt support for the Mongolian script, and almost all have incomplete support or other text rendering difficulties. The Mongolian script has been adapted to write languages such as Oirat and Manchu. Derived from the Old Uyghur alphabet, Mongolian is a true alphabet, with separate letters for consonants and vowels. It is traditionally written in vertical lines Top-Down, right across the page. The classical or traditional Mongolian script, also known as the Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most widespread until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of text in Mongolian script.
For the distinction between, / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
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